Using the method of cluster analysis of morphometric parameters of the relief, the areas within which most of the epicenters of modern earthquakes of the Voronezh anteclise are located are identified. With the help of computer modeling, the areas of possible formation of new small-length discontinuities in the modern stress field are outlined. On the basis of complex geological and geomorphological data we created a tectonophysical model that explains the nature of seismicity by the development of geodynamically active zones in a shear environment with the orientation of the axis of maximum compression in the north-west direction.
Based on the comparison of relief and geological data, the newest structural elements were identified, actively developing in the form of systems of uplifts and depressions, deciphered from satellite images and topographic maps in the form of lineaments predetermined by discontinuous disturbances. As a result of the research, neotectonic shear stress fields have been restored with orientations of the submeridional compression axes of tectonic stresses of the I rank, which is generally in agreement with the subhorizontal compression axes, mainly oriented submeridionally, established in almost all regions of Northern Eurasia.
In the Moscow region, Eopleistocene deformations (1,8 million years) were studied for the first time. The activity of modern geological processes is associated with them. The qualitative and quantitative characteristics of deformations were carried out on the basis of the structural-geodynamic method and morphometric analysis of a large array of GIS data. The stage-by-stage amplitudes and velocities of neotectonic uplifts have been estimated. And the gradient of the strain rate of the Moskvoretskaya zone was calculated.
The plagioclases of the Kharaelakh intrusion on the western part of the Oktyabrsky deposit were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. Analysis of 130 Fourier-IR absorption spectra of plagioclases with selective verification of their chemical composition by X-ray spectral microanalysis indicates a regular change in the isomorphic series from albite (1150, 1096 cm–1) to anorthite (1142, 1275 cm–1), depending on the degree of differentiation of rocks in the intrusion. According to Fourier-IR spectroscopy, albite is confined to olivine-containing and olivine gabbro-dolerites. Anorthite is evenly distributed in gabbro-dolerites, but predominates in leucocratic gabbro. Among the impurity elements in the structure of the mineral, Fe3+ is noted at peaks of 1580–1644 cm–1 in picrite gabbro-dolerites, where ore interspersed mineralization of chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, and pentlandite is directly developed. In addition to iron impurities, aluminum, potassium, barium, and strontium are also characteristic impurities in plagioclases. The totality of the data used in the section of the intrusion increases the indicative value of plagioclases and can be recommended as an additional mineral criterion of ore content.
The paper presents the results of geological and structural analysis and identification of distribution patterns and spatial orientation of gold-bearing quartz-sulfide veins within quartz stockworks in the central part of the Drazhnoe deposit (Taryn gold field). The results of direct observations in outcrops and exploration drillholes oriented core were used as input data. Based on the results of the analysis, high thickness and high gold content systems of quartz veins and veinlets were identified. The orientation of tectonic stress axes during the ore phase, during which gold-bearing quartz stockworks were formed, was reconstructed.
The article presents the results of field studies near Northern Railway embankment (Hanovey station) in fieldwork area of Geocryology Department (Lomonosov Moscow State University), where performed: cone penetration test, measuring thickness of active layer of and soil temperatures, monitoring settlement of embankment, laboratory tests. Mathematical model was compiled in the Qfrost program based on these data taking into account the unevenness of the snow cover in the study area. Calculations of the temperature regime of the embankment until 2050, carried out taking into account climatic changes (according to the RCP 4.5 scenario), showed that the thickness of the talik at the embankment will increase 40% in 30 years and without taking this factor into account — 17%. The article also discusses the features of the position and structure of the embankment, the composition and properties of frozen soils, which significantly affect the stability of the embankment.
In this paper authors propose the methodology of X-ray fluorescence determination of sulfate-ion in aqueous solutions with preconcentration by dried drop technique using portable energy dispersive spectrometer NITON FXL 959 GOLDD+. The represented measuring procedure has been tested in a wide range of sulfate-ion concentrations (10–4200 mg/l) during exploration the groundwater samples of the Over Jurassic Aquifer complex of the Moscow region and drainage water of the sulfide porphyry-copper mineralization of the Nakhodka ore field (Western Chukotka). Verification of the measuring procedure is based on results of the water investigation by ion chromatography and titration methods.
An improved algorithm for modeling the dynamics of petroleum product lenses based on the planned filtration equations is presented. The program code «Oilfem 2», which implements the algorithm, is supplemented with a generator of non-orthogonal grids, the ability to create groundwater models or import them, the dependence between the pumping rate of the lens of petroleum products and its thickness is taken into account. The improved program code was applied on a test task to eliminate oil pollution, which is a round lens of petroleum products. The results of this work showed a good correspondence between the two solutions according to two criteria: the change in the flow rate of pumping oil products and the change in the volume of free oil products over time.
The study of the influence of hydrodynamic factors on the occurrence of nitrogen thermal waters in crystalline massifs, by the example of the Kuldur field, is presented in the article. The results of two-dimensional modeling (based on FEFLOW code) of several variants of formation and circulation of therms in the study area are considered. Model parameters included temperature (130–140 °C), calculated on the basis of geothermometers, and the residence time of waters in the rock massif (68 800–254 000 years), estimated by means of 14C and 4He dating. The modeling results show that exactly the filtration parameters of the granite massif are the main factor controlling the dynamics of fluid movement and, consequently, the relative age of thermal waters. It is also found that the filtration characteristics of the fault zone have a significant influence on the temperature of thermal water discharge.
The issues of improving the efficiency of processing the results of studies of the filtration properties of reservoirs within the oil and gas producing areas of the central part of the West Siberian oil and gas province are considered. The high degree of development of the hydrocarbon resources of the studied territory is characterized by the presence of long-term developed deposits, which determines the solution of tasks aimed at increasing the success of the search for complex deep-lying reservoirs, the efficiency of their exploration and additional exploration, since the overlying productive horizons are practically developed. This task is one of the most important at the current stage of field development in this region, in the context of falling oil production at the main large fields, and has no unambiguous solution.
This article covers the issues of reservoir modeling using new scientific and methodological approaches to the processing of geophysical data and the possibility of using modern software products when grouping development objects according to criteria corresponding to a reservoir of a certain lithotype. This approach allowed us to build high-quality geological models and justify the use of the most effective complex of geophysical studies for modeling low-amplitude (no more than 15 m) and small-sized (less than 20 km2) oil deposits. In the course of research: The results of the reservoir filtration properties were processed; low-amplitude and small-size sediments of channel sediments (river valleys) were established; the industrial oil and gas content of complex sediments characterized by low-amplitude and small-size sediments (Tyumen formation, object Ю2) was proved; The interpretation of geophysical studies of wells was carried out, the results were compared with the energy characteristics of the reflected waves (seismic studies), zones saturated with water-oil-gas fluid were established (3D models were built), and the possibility of using this technique for identifying and mapping complex deep oil deposits was shown.
The paper provides experimental characterization of the ion-exchange capacity of low-permeable shale rocks of the Bazhenov Formation of the central and southern parts of the Nizhnevartovsk arch, Western Siberia. We found that the cation exchange capacity (3.30–17.01 meq/100g) and the specific surface area (10.05–12.66 m2/g) depend on the clay minerals content, but not on the kerogen. The paper describes type of the exchange complex of the studied Bazhenov Formation rock samples and discusses the possible reasons for the distribution of exchangeable cations. The cation exchange complex of most part of studied Bazhenov Formation samples has a marine type (rCa/(rNa+rK)<1).
