The nomological basis of any science, consisting of its own laws and regularities, constitutes its scientific basis. Nomology (from the Greek nomos — law and logos — word, doctrine) is a section of the methodology of science that studies methods for formulating patterns, laws and creating scientific theories of a given science on their basis. In the field of environmental geology, the nomological foundations have not yet been sufficiently developed, which is explained by the small age of this science and the unresolvedness of many methodological issues of its structure, problems, etc. The purpose of this article is to analyze the current state of the nomological foundations of environmental geology and supplement them with new provisions.

The first isotopic data on the age of the metagabbro-metatrondjemite complex are presented. For the first time identified in this composition (metagabbro, amphibolites and metatrondhjemite granofelses), the Kenchur complex composes small massifs in the central part of the Ufaley block, which is part of the Central Ural zone. The geochemical, mineralogical and isotopic data of the rocks of the Kenchur complex are considered. Based on these data, the contrasting composition and Early Vendian age of the complex, which was previously considered Late Riphean, was proven.

The article presents the results of a study of the geological structure, recent tectonics and hydrogeological conditions of the central part of the Meshchera depression, located on the border of the Moscow, Ryazan and Vladimir regions. The detailed characterization of the newest structure of the Klepikovsky trough made it possible to identify young growing uplifts that influence the structure and morphology of the trough. The reasons for the intense swampiness of the territory and the change in the orientation of the trough from meridional to latitudinal are determined. The studies carried out proved the influence of the latest tectonics of the trough on the hydrogeological conditions of the territory. It has been established that areas of groundwater recharge and discharge can be localized within the Klepikovsky trough.

To date, a large array of tracer results has been accumulated, which are mainly processed analytically without further use in numerical hydrodynamic modelling, despite the fact that most commercial hydrodynamic simulators have modules for tracer modelling, which is undoubtedly an omission. Using the results of tracer studies makes it possible to select a filtration model, to specify both filtration-capacitance properties of productive sediments of the interwell space and the type of void space, which can serve as valuable factual material for analyses and development design.

The article presents a forecast of groundwater pollution on the example of the Kibray site of the Chirchik field. Models were developed to predict the entry of pollution into groundwater and to identify flow and transport processes. With the help of these models, the relationship between the quality of groundwater and surface water was established and it was revealed that the formation of operational reserves of the Chirchik field occurs due to artificial resources and attracted resources (surface water from the Chirchik riverbed).

The paper presents the results of the numerical three-dimensional model of groundwater heat and mass transfer in the territory of Baikalsk paper and mill site calibration based on the materials of groundwater composition and properties twenty-year monitoring, which showed that the longitudinal dispersion at heat transfer is an order of magnitude greater than at mass transfer.

Drinking water quality is determined by the chemical composition of water and is regulated by sanitary legislation. Izhora field, located south of St. Petersburg on the Izhora Plateau, is the largest in the Leningrad region. The sediments contain fractured and karst limestones and dolomites (O1–3). The priority indicators of Ordovician aquifer quality in the Izhora groundwater field have been identified. Hardness, iron, manganese, barium, nitrates have been analyzed for assessing the Ordovician aquifer quality. A map of nitrate contamination of groundwater in the Izhora plateau has been constructed.

The article presents new data on the abundance and ways of soluted trace elements (Si, Fe, F, Al, Sr, Br, B, Mn, Ba, Ti, Li, Rb, Mo, As, U, Th, W, Sc, Y, REE, Hf) in thermomineral, surface and groundwaters of the northern Tien-Shan (Issyk-Kul intermountain depression). It is established that trace element composition of thermomineral waters is able to be a marker of hydrogeological settings of water formation and flow: waters of sedimentary rocks of the intermountain artesian basin are enriched with Sr, Ba, Mn, B, Mo and U, while waters of rock massifs contain increased concentrations of F, Rb, W and Sc. Thermodynamic calculations performed for certain trace elements using Visual-MINTEQ 3.1 and GWB 14 programmes allowed us to identify the water migration patterns of the surveyed water points. Calculation of water migration coefficient showed the dependence of microcomponent accumulation rate on the type of water-bearing strata and hydrogeological conditions of water formation.

As a result of univariate regression analysis, quantitative parameters on the distribution of Mn/Al and Mn/Fe ratios in the sections of the studied holes of ODP Leg 151 were obtained. On the basis of correlation analysis data with Pearson matrix construction and classical factor analysis with varimax rotation, a division of rather homogeneous Upper Pliocene-Quaternary sediments was carried out with the allocation of 3 main factors that characterize the history of sedimentation and diagenesis in the Norwegian-Greenland Basin. The boundaries between lithostratigraphic subdivisions are drawn on a strict mathematical basis. It is established that the nature and degree of intensity of diagenesis processes in this region were influenced by the following main factors: sedimentation environments in the Norwegian-Greenland Basin in the Late Pliocene-Quaternary time; grain-size and chemical composition of the studied sediments; total organic carbon content in the sediments; sedimentation rates.

The near-Laptev part of the Eurasian basin is the area of transition from modern spreading to intraplate rifting. We propose an approach to the construction of a 3D model of the basement of the Laptev Sea part of the Eurasian basin based on the linkage of all currently available geological and geophysical data. The structure of the acoustic basement of the Eurasian basin is characterized by alternating troughs and highs in cross-section. The sparse seismic data do not allow us to directly trace the strike of these structures, but they can be correlated with the linearity established by gravity and magnetic data and related to the sequential opening of the basin. For the Laptev Sea part of the Eurasian basin, where linearity is no longer traceable from magnetic data, we propose a method of determining the strike of the basement structures on the basis of seismic stratigraphic analysis. The new 3D model of the acoustic basement in the studied area provided the basis for the tectonic scheme of the entire Eurasian basin. The model reflects the main stages of basin development: continental rifting up to 56 Ma, normal spreading 56–45 Ma, ultra-slow spreading 45–34 Ma, ultra-ultra-slow spreading 34–20 Ma. The southern part of the study area is overlain by a sedimentary cover with an age of 20 Ma and younger, which is associated with the cessation of spreading here no later than 20 Ma.

An astrochronological (cyclostratigraphic) binding of the lithological and geochemical characteristics of Pliocene-Quaternary sediments of the Eurasian sections to the Milankovich cycles (eccentricity, obliquity of the ecliptic, precession) was carried out, an analysis of the relationship between the established variations in climate and paleotemperature with the moments of coincidence of different-order cycles of eccentricity and their paleoclimatic characteristics was given. The results of the implementation of the results obtained during the practice in geology at the Moscow State University in Chashnikovo are shown. During the research, materials from the exposition space of the Department of Regional Geology and Earth History and the Museum of Earth Science were used. The results of the study were used in conducting an educational practice in geology in Chashnikovo, and can also be used in the dismemberment and regional and global correlation of sections, in conducting geological surveys, creating cyclostratigraphic scales of the plains and mountainous regions of Eurasia, as well as in the creation and further development of the exposition space of museums — Moscow State University Gymnasium for example.

The data of cadmium forms with a possible increase in technogenic load are presented. The experiments carried out made it possible to simulate the features of the redistribution of chemical forms of cadmium in river waters when it enters in concentrations exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations (MPC). It has been shown that most of the introduced cadmium can pass from dissolved to suspended form, thereby promoting the deposition of suspended particles to the bottom at low flow rates.