Based on a computer model, an assessment was made of the future additional demaand for minerals for the production of wind turbines, solar panels, energy storage systems and electric vehicles necessary to implement the IEA 2DS scenario for the transition to low-carbole energy. Demand for some critical metals and industrial minerals has been compared tj therir available economic reserves and resources. The supply of critical mineral materials for some energy transition technologies may pose a new challenge to the sustainable develkpment of the mineral base of the world economy, and in the future become a deterrent to the use of renewable energy sources.
Cenomanian ammonoid Calycoceras (Calycoceras) naviculare (Mantell, 1822) (Acanthoceratidae, Ammonoidea) was found in the well-known section of Selbukhra Mountain in the vicinity of Nauchnyi Town of southwestern Crimea. This is the first find of the ammonoid in the upper Cenomanian deposits in the Crimea and in Russia.
Fracture modeling in the section of Suvlu-Kaya Mountain, South-West Crimea, was made. A three-dimensional geological model of the section was constructed, geomechanical modeling was performed, and stress fields in the three-dimensional geological structure were calculated. The modeling results were compared with real measurements of fracturing in the field.
The study of minor faults carried out in the valley of the Belaya River made it possible to establish the tectodynamic conditions for the formation of the Pshekha-Adler fault zone of the Greater Caucasus. In this zone, the presence of strike-slip displacements of different scales and the predominance of the situation of horizontal displacement are shown. Using the method of cataclastic analysis, differences in the parameters of the stress-and-strain state in different tectonic complexes and structures of the region have been established. The revealed structural pattern of meridional and northeastern compression determine the regional dextral strike-slip fault and extensional fault nature of the meridional Pshekha-Adler fault zone with the development of sinistral strike-slip faults and extensional faults of the northeastern strike inside the deformation zone.
Stromatolite bioherms were found in the Lower Ordovician sediments of the Moyero River section (Tunguska syneclise, Eastern Siberia). Their characterist ics are considered on the example of their typical build-up and adjacent sediments. It was revealed that the formation of the studied sediments occurred during the development of both bacterial communities (primarily cyanobacteria) and calcareous algae. The presence of remains of calcareous algae Nuia of different preservation in bioclast-oolitic and oolite-bioclastic limestones underlying stromatolite and composing sediments between bioherms was established. It is assumed that the growth of stromatolite bioherms and adjacent sediments was controlled by sea level fluctuations which were reflected in the transgressive-regressive cyclicity and changes of sedimentation conditions.
Based on the collection and analysis of data from predecessors and our own geoecological research in the area of the Dzhida tungsten-molybdenum plant (Zakamensk) in the Republic of Buryatia, an approximate quantitative assessment of environmental and associated economic da mage to the main components of the environment and the population in this territory was made. The possibility of reducing it and improving the environmental situation in this area based on the integrated use of mineral raw materials and expanding environmental protection measures in the future is shown.
Seep fluids of the underwater coastal slope of Laspi Bay are composed of CH4, N2, O2, He, C2H4, C2H6, C3H8 and are accompanied by aqueous solutions. The formation of beachfront bacterial build-ups occurred due to the processing of hydrocarbon fluids by Archaea and bacteria. Their carbonate cement has light isotopic carbon composition (–20,93; –20,83‰). The structures of beachfront bacteria l build-ups have all the signs of genetic relation with carbonates of hydrocarbon seepage. The different appearance of the bacterial build-ups of Laspi Bay with other build-ups of cold seeps is explained by the physical and geographical conditions of their formation.
The composition and properties of oil from the Apt-Cenomanian deposit of the Russian gas and oil field of the West Siberian basin have been studied. It is shown that the composition and properties of oil may indicate their mixed genesis. The molecular composition of the oil suggests that the oil has undergone secondary biodegra-dation processes, which is in good agreement with the geological history of this part of the basin. A scenario for the formation of the Apt-Cenomanian oil deposit of the Russkoye field is proposed.
The Middle Jurassic hypabyssal island arc pervomay-ayudag intrusive complex includes plagiolerzolites, olivine gabbro-norites, quartz gabbro-norites, quartz gabbro-norite-diorites, quartz diorites, plagiogranites. Ultramafic and mafic rocks contain anorthite (An92–90) and bytownite (An89–73). Plagiogranites containing andesine and oligoclase, up to albite-oligoclase (An19–9). This composition of plagioclase is typical for island-arc rocks. Due to the abundance of anorthite and bytownite, which are poor in silica, many types of gabbroids of the pervomay-ayudag complex are enriched with quartz. Calcium-rich plagioclases of the complex are enriched with FeO up to 0.9 wt.%. From anorthite to oligoclase, the K2O content gradually increases up to 1.4 wt.% During the alteration process, plagioclase significantly depletes with K2O. In the gabbroids of the central parts of intrusive bodies, the elongation of plagioclase crystals from anorthite to andesine is 2–5, usually 3–4. The porphyritic gabbroids of the quenching zone contain long-prismatic plagioclase crystals with elongation up to 10, and the fine-grained matrix contains skeleton crystals.
In the work the influence of biota and irradiation on the stability of iron colloids in mire waters is studied. The dynamics of the processes of photo- and biotransformation of colloidal iron has been studied. It is shown that the mechanisms of these changes are different: during insolation, the decrease in the iron content in the colloidal fraction occurs due to the formation of larger poorly soluble hydroxide particles (>0.22 μm), and in the presence of biota, a part of iron passes into a fraction of a smaller size (<1.4 nm).
The article describes an algorithm for simultaneous calibration of several groundwater flow vertical planar models. Permeability properties and boundary conditions are considered as calibration parameters. A special procedure that runs each model sequentially was developed. The calculated levels for each model are the result of procedure work. These calculated levels of observation wells are transferred to the PEST module. The PEST module uses it to evaluate the sensitivity of the model(s) to parameter values and then iteratively selects parameters so that they could satisfy the convergence criterion.
Using numerical modeling of a useful signal based on a characteristic geoelectric model of underwater permafrost and real recordings of a noise signal, we conducted a comparative analysis of noise suppression during transient sounding using a marine towed dipole-dipole array in accumulation modes with opposite-polar current pulses and pseudo-noise signals (PNS). For a series of current sequences in the form of PNS with different durations and numbers of pulses, as well as for a signal in the accumulation mode, with the superposition of an identical noise signal, transient sounding curves were obtained corresponding to the geoelectric model under consideration at a recording time of the order of 8–13 s per station. Based on the results of comparison of the obtained curves reconstructed from noisy synthetic data in the accumulatio n and PNS modes, it was established that in the PNS mode with pulses of duration 100 μs and 1 ms, the relative error in the PNS mode on average over the profile turns out to be significantly lower (up to 1.5 times) than a similar one error in the accumulation mode, and remains within an acceptable value (up to several percent) until later times.
The achievements of present regulatory and technic al base for assessing quantitative indicators of ecosystems state are shown relying on the statistics of types of jobs for studying the abiotic spheres of the Earth (lithosphere, pedosphere, atmosphere and surface hydrosphere) as a part of engineering-ecological survey. Those achievements regarding to the regulation of indicators of state of abiotic spheres of ecosystem are described. Ways for further improvement of regulatory and technical base have been outlined using the doctrine of ecological functions of the lithosphere as a fundamental integral characteristic of abiotic spheres of ecosystems and the systematization of individual indicators by introducing of four categories of integral indicators (resource, geochemical, geophysical and geodynamic). Attention is drawn to the need to elaborate the integral indicators of all abiotic spheres of ecosystems basing on development of ecological geology. Various approaches for assessing of such integral indicators are considered. Variant of their determination on the base of summary indicators method is proposed.
The effectiveness of using calcium peroxide (CP) to clean the filtrate of solid waste landfills from organic and inorganic contamination was studied under laboratory conditions using samples from one of the landfills as an example. The degree of purification was assessed depending on the size of the reagent addition at CP/filtrate ratios of 1/100, 1/50, 1/20, 1/10 and the duration of its contact with the filtrate from 1 to 3 days. The data obtained indicate an improvement in the quality of wastewater as a result of treatment with calcium peroxide: a decrease in the concentration of heavy metals, inorganic anions, COD, etc. The results of the study indicate the prospects of using PC at the initial stage of purification of the MSW filtrate.
In january-february of 2022 deep magnetotelluric soundings (DMTS) were carried out along the regional (300 km) profile Pushkinskie Gory — Andreapol. The field expedition included professors, graduates and students of the Geophysical department of the Geological Faculty of Lomonosov Moscow State University, as well as scientists from the Laboratory of Magnetotelluric Soundings of the Center of Geoelectromagnetic Research IPE RAS. The article presents an analysis of the results, as well as geoelectric two-dimensional models obtained during the inversion of magnetotelluric data in the ZONDMT2D program.
