The structure and composition of the Earth’s mantle and of the terrestrial planets are considered in the light of the new scientific approaches. These data indicate on the further structural subdivision of the Earth’s inner geospheres and of the Moon’s deep seated zones. The results of HP- and HT-experiments related with the transformation of the main mantle’s and core’s components of the Earth, Moon, gaseus giants (Jupiter and Saturn) and ice giant planets (Uranus and Neptune) reveal the new structure and property changes.

Postsedimentary lithification processes and their dynamics in geostructural various areas of cratons, younger platforms and orogens are described and explained. The direct and indirect impacts of geodynamic factors on these processes are argue.

The carried out complex researches, including structural and geomorphological analysis, statistical processing of the space images interpretation, allowed to reveal block style of the latest structures of the Mahe island and to determine the nature of their relationship fractures in the granite’s outcrops. The results obtained were compared with the geological data and instrumental observations of the modern movements.

The variations in structural, textural, mineralogical and geochemical (radiometric) characteristics in the lower to middle Jurassic siliciclastic sediments of the transect across Chanty-Argun R., Mountain Chechnya and Georgia are considered. This transect crosses areas of different types of deformations from northern zone of weak deformation to southern zone of intensive deformation and cleavage. The southward change in clay mineral associations, polytypical modifications of mica minerals, their crystallinity index, a.o. are observed along the transect. The increase of intensity of secondary alternations of the rocks and dimensions of cleavage enabled the change in K-Ar-system. This is resulted in significantly younger values of measured radiologic age corresponding to older stratigraphic age.

The results of the field structural studies of Northwest Caucasus Tuapse Shear Zone are presented. There are strike-slip displacements of different scale and the domination of horizontal shear conditions (type of geodynamic stress state that cause the formation of faults with mainly lateral movement of the wings along strike fault surface) within this zone. Using the method of cataclastic analysis of the collected geological paleostresses indicators the quantitative characteristics of the local stress states within the shear zone - position of the principal stresses axes and the Lode-Nadai coefficient - are identified. Differences of these characteristics considered for large tectonic zones. Significant spatial (territorial) variations of the orientations of the principal normal stresses axes identified within the shear zone, and their small smooth variations within local areas, which indicate on consistency of the general stress direction in the formation of studied fault structures in the Late Eocene-Miocene deformation period.

Considered lithological peculiarities of structure and formation conditions of the reservoirs of the upper Jurassic productive deposits in the junction zone of the Surgut arch and North of Nizhnevartovsk terrace West Siberian oil and gas basin. On the basis of studies of core samples and logging data suggested a fundamentally new model of formation of deposits formation U₁¹, which allowed to determine the main directions of exploration.

Most of hydrocarbon resources of Russko-Chaselskiy ridge is associated with reservoirs of Pokur Formation. It is composed generally of alluvial sandstones and shales. Due to genesis Pokur reservoirs have complex structure and localized spread within ancient alluvial plains. Performed integrated interpretation of well and 3D seismic data allowed to estimate new perspective fields and to geometrize oil and gas pulls.

Lithofacies of different genesis were determined within the Permian sequence, basing on analysis of core descriptions. The best reservoirs are associated with deltaic sand bodies. Permian source rocks with marine organic matter were distinguished. Initial organic matter parameters were estimated, initial good-excellent petroleum potential was suggested. Lithological-geochemical study results for core samples from one of the northern wells of Laptev Sea coast are published for the first time.

We present first data on the composition of melt inclusions in plagioclase and quartz crustal clasts and detailed study of plagioclase chemical zoning and mineral compositions from Bakhchysarai Late Albian tuffites. All magmatic melt compositions fall into field of high-K rhyolites. Measured water content in melt inclusions is up to 4 wt.%. Phenocrysts crystallized at the temperature within range 820-860 °C and pressure not less than 1 kbar. Bakhchysarai tuffites were formed in active continental margin geotectonical settings.

The problem of studying Domanik deposits and the collection potential is one of the most important. Opening in similar rocks hydrocarbon fields at various depths, considerable variability of reservoir properties, the ambiguity of the establishment of effective thickness - the researchers set the task of their more reliable evaluation.

Presentation of modern innovation field methods of geocryological research, which were testing during «The day of science and innovation» at the geocryological field practice in Zvenigorod biological base of Moscow state university.