Important trends in development of world's mineral complex at the beginning of the 21st century are increase of supply and demand for mineral materials differentiated for various metals and nonmetallic mineral resources, regions and countries; concentration of production of mineral commodities in small number of countries; falling availability of economic reserves of raw materials for world economy even at current level of material extraction. The tendencies should be taken into account when working out strategy of development of Russian mineral base.
It is shown that in the Taymyr folded region the collision and trap magmatism are spatially combined. In time trap magmatism is associated with late-collision and post-collisional stages. Supercomputer modeling showed the possibility of mantle and crust heating in the late stages of collision, accompanied by basaltic magmatism in a quite large amount.
This article proposes a composite biostratigraphical scheme for the Upper Cretaceous of the East European Platform on the basis of the distribution in the sections of three groups of microfossils–foraminifers, both planktonic and benthic, radiolarians and nannoplankton. Most of the stages and subsustages boundaries are confirmed by macropalaeontological data. The most divided units are on benthic foraminifers and nannoplankton. The diversity of these microfossils and their constant presence in the sections made it possible to identify zones and subzones, while it is possible to subdivide only the beds by planktonic foraminifers and radiolarians. The most favorable stages in the development of plankton biota can be considered the Turonian-Coniacian interval, when the basins of the East European Platform felt the intensive influence of the warm waters of the Tethys ocean. The global Campanian coooling is clearly recorded, reflecting on the taxonomic diversity of all microfossil groups.
The description of the new finding of the burrows of decapod crustacean from Upper Paleocene and Lower Eocene deposits relating to two ichnotaxons (Thalassinoides suevicus Rieth and Ophiomorpha nodosa Lundgren), clarifies their stratigraphic position and state the paleogeographic significance for determining eustatic phases in the development of semirestricted Early Paleogene Volga-Caspian basin.
The main features of the transformation of organic matter (OM) of three facies of metamorphism (the facies of green shales, amphibolite and granulite facies) on the example of the Ukrainian crystal shield are discussed. The area of distribution and content of OM in high-carbon ancient rocks is characterized, the composition of primary sedimentary rocks, the processes of accumulation of biophilic elements during the transformation of OM are reconstructed.
65 diamond crystals from pipes «Arkhangelskaya» and «Karpinskogo-1» was divided into two parts by the intensity of the slow component of x-ray luminescence, and investigated by methods of IR spectroscopy and ESR. The relationship between the content of nitrogen in the diamond centers A and P2 and the presence of the slow component of x-ray luminescence have been found. The absence of this component of greater part of the crystals with a high content centers P1 (C) explained by a small number of centres A and P2
We present the data of geochemistry and geochronology of zircons from wehrlites and clinopyroxenites from dunite-wehrlite-clinopyroxenite bended complex of the base of crustal section of ophiolite Nurali massif. The U-Pb age of the bended complex is 450±4 Ma which is different from the previous data. Zircons from the studied rocks have complimentary REE patterns and similar U-Pb ages to lherzolites and dunites from mantle section of the Nurali massif.
A system of equations of thermobarometer for magnetite-silicate melt equilibrium was obtained by method of multidimensional statistics of 93 experimental data of a magnetite solubility in basaltic melts. Equations reproduce experimental data in a wide range of basalt compositions, temperatures and pressures with small errors. Verification of thermobarometers showed the maximum error in liquidus temperature reproducing does not exceed ±7 °C. The level of cumulative magnetite appearance in the vertical structure of Tsypringa, Kivakka, Burakovsky intrusions predicted with errors from ±10 to ±50 m.
Engineering activity leads to anthropogenic transformation of engineering-geological conditions of various territories of Russia. Differential assessment of changes in individual components of engineering-geological structures: relief, soils and rocks, underground water, depth of seasonal freezing–thawing soil, actual geological processes was made. The integral estimation of anthropogenic variation of engineering-geological megastructures Russia conducted on the basis of differential assessments of components.
A regional model of catchment of small river (catchment area is about1000 km2) is discussed. Model was developed to evaluate possible influence of hypothetical groundwater intake on river flow. The model was calibrated to measured groundwater heads and river flows. Geophysical and hydrometric survey allowed to characterize a heterogeneity of riverbed along the channel. River flow reduction, calculated on model with riverbed heterogeneity is greater by 25% compared to that calculated without heterogeneity. Thus it is shown that accounting for riverbed heterogeneity is advisable for more reliable prediction of impact of water intakes on environment.
Within the ground penetrating radar bandwidth the medium is considered to be an ideal dielectric, which is not always true. Electromagnetic waves reflection coefficient conductivity dependence showed a significant role of the difference in conductivity in reflection strength. It was confirmed by physical modeling. Conductivity of geological media should be taken into account when solving direct and inverse problems, survey design planning, etc. Ground penetrating radar can be used to solve the problem of mapping of halocline or determine water contamination.
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According to lithological and petrophysical data the core of the Bazhenov Formation, discovered in the central part of the Tundrin Basin, the structure of the section was characterized , productive oil intervals were identified, in which the collectors of pore and fissure-pore types are developed.
