The following stages of development have been identified in the geological history of the Arctic Ocean. (1) Barremian (Aptian)-Albian (~125–100 Ма). Formation of the Alpha-Mendeleev volcanic-tectonic rise and associated basins such as Podvodnikov, Маkarov, Stefansson, etc. Маgmatic complexes such as Seaward Dipping Reflectors (SDR) are characteristic of both the Alpha-Mendeleev Rise and the basins. There was strong stretching of the continental crust, but no rupture occurred. Tectonics were in an intraplate regime. Geodynamics can be explained by the presence of hot material in the mantle. (2) Late Cretaceous (100–70 Ма). The main phase of the Canada Basin opening. The basin opened as a back-arc basin for the Pacific subduction zone. The passive margin of the Canada Basin for the Northwind Ridge slope is characterized by SDR-type magmatic complexes with a probable age of about 125–100 Ма. (3) Late Cretaceous-Paleocene (~70–56 Ма). Intraplate rifting, which covered part of the Canada Basin, the Stefansson Basin, the Laptev Sea region, and the area of the future Eurasia Basin. A large number of faults formed across this vast territory. In the Amerasia Basin, we distinguish the Northwind-Sever rift system (from the Chukotka Borderland to Sever Spur on the Canada margin). (4) Eocene-Quaternary (56–0 Ма). Gradual opening of the Eurasia Basin. At the same time, between 45 and 34 Ма, numerous faults formed in the area of the Alpha-Mendeleev Rise. Маny faults also formed in the Neogene.

A huge ammonite Parapuzosia (Austiniceras) austeni (Sharpe, 1855) was found in the Cenomanian deposits of Kremennaya Mountain in the Bodrak River basin in southwestern Crimea. In addition, another fragment of a large ammonite, discovered in old collections and identified as Parapuzosia (Austiniceras) cf. austeni (Sharpe, 1855), was encountered in the Lower Cenomanian rocks near the Moscow State University geological base in the 1980s. This is the second report of such ammonites being found in Crimea.

As a result of summarizing a large amount of data, a paleogeographic model has been proposed and the geological history of the development of the Voronezh anteclise in the Tithonian and Cognacian periods has been clarified. The strong facies variability, as well as the variability of sedimentary thicknesses, is explained by vertical tectonic movements against the backdrop of the uplift of Laurasia. The relatively shallow depth of the epicontinental basin, which is around 30–50 meters, is highly sensitive to vertical tectonic movements. With an amplitude of about 10 meters, the coastline shifts by tens or hundreds of kilometers, and the shallow basin is quickly replaced by an extremely shallow basin that splits into a series of isolated basins surrounded by paleo-uplifts, from which the transport of clastic material begins. During the Tournasian period, in an arid climate, transgressions occur from the Tethys Ocean, coming from the south, and carbonate deposits are primarily accumulated. During the Cognacian time, transgressions came from the south (warm waters, carbonate sediments formed) and from the north (cold waters, siliceous sediments accumulated), and the volume of terrigenous denudation increased in a humid climate.

The results of biostratigraphic investigations of the Turonian-Coniacian deposits, which are widespread in the eastern Perithetys, are presented. Despite the well-studied nature of these deposits, the issues of stratigraphic subdivision remain insufficiently understanded. The issues of changing foraminifera assemblages in this interval and their significance in the zonal subdivision are considered.

Current estimates of the oil source potential of the Permian deposits of the Yuryuzan-Sylva Depression of the Cis-Ural Foredeep are based on geological structural models created using work conducted at the end of the last century and require revision and updating based on new geochemical data and modern technologies. The contribution of the Permian source strata and their generation potential are not fully understood.
The purpose of this article is to examine the lithology and geochemistry of organic matter in the Permian potential oil and gas source strata, to review the results of basin modeling and to assess the possibility of their generation of oil and gas in the Yuryuzano-Sylvenskaya depression of the Pre-Ural foredeep.

The present paper provides novel isotopic data on the water composition of mud volcanoes located in the southern sector of the West Kuban Trough. For the first time, stable isotope ratios of oxygen and hydrogen (δ¹7O, δ¹8O, and δD) were determined jointly for both free and clay-bound water fractions, experimentally extracted using a direct evaporation technique from clay pulp samples at 105 °C and 350 °C. The obtained results demonstrate that dehydration waters released during the smectite–illite transformation contribute negligibly to the overall water budget of the mud volcanoes in the Kerch–Taman region. The isotopic signatures indicate that the formation of mud volcano waters is primarily controlled by the mixing of infiltrating meteoric waters, seawater, and physically bound waters of clays liberated under natural substrate heating up to approximately 150 °C.

This study addresses the actual issue of non-invasive tree trunk diagnostics using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) tomography. The primary objective is to identify dynamic attributes in non-processed GPR data that can reliably indicate the presence of rot or air holes within tree trunks. The study is based on tomography data obtained from 22 large trees in Gorky Park, Moscow. The proposed “attenuation multiply to distance” attribute effectively distinguishes between healthy and rot-affected trees. For healthy trees, this attribute exhibits positive values, while for rotted or hollow trees, the values are negative. The obtained results open new perspectives for non-invasive diagnostics of urban trees and can be applied to large-scale screening of green spaces.

The article presents the results of lithological and geochemical analysis of bottom sediments in the southeastern part of the East Siberian Sea. Based on the analysis of geochemical and granulometric composition, element ratios (Si/Al, Ti/Al, Fe+Ti, Mn/Al, Mn/Fe, V/(V+Ni)), organic carbon and methane (CH4) content, the studied water area was divided into four lithological and geochemical zones. As a result of single-factor dispersion and one-dimensional regression analyses, correlations between sea depth and geochemical indicators were established. The influence of redox conditions on sedimentation processes was revealed. Particular attention was paid to the analysis of anaerobic sedimentation conditions and the distribution of organic matter in bottom sediments in the southeastern part of the East Siberian Sea.

This paper is focused on the gold-bismuth-telluride mineralization from the Losikha prospect in the Western Chukchi Peninsula, which exhibits many features similar to the intrusion related gold deposits. The mineralization includes mineral quartz-scheelite, sulfide, gold-bismuth-telluride (productive), and supergene assemblages. It is assumed that a high Te activity at the beginning of formation of productive assemblage resulted in in the complete replacement of early native bismuth by Bi tellurides or directly to the crystallization of tellurobismuthite. The formation of Bi tellurides resulted in the absence of native bismuth and crystallization of high-fineness native gold rather than maldonite.

The adsorption of cadmium ions on the surface of natural talc was studied. The dependences of the adsorption value on the pH of the solution at 25 °C were obtained. It was shown that the maximum absorption of cadmium from the solution occurs at pH 7–8. Adsorption is most intense in the first 5 min, the adsorption equilibrium is established approximately 40 min after the mineral/solution contact. The contribution of the stage of chemical interaction of cadmium ions with the talc surface to the overall rate of the process was established, which is confirmed by the agreement between the experimental data and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Adsorption isotherms are most adequately described by the Freundlich model, which indicates the heterogeneity of the surface adsorption centers with different energies. The effective sorption of cadmium ions by talc makes it possible to use talc as a sorbent for the purification of natural and industrial wastewater in a wide pH range.

The types of technogenic impacts of defense-industrial complexes on the components of ecological-geological systems (EGS) are described. Abiotic components of EGS of defense-industrial complexes are characterized, including information on technolithotopes and technoedaphotopes. Specific examples are used to demonstrate the influence of abiotic components of EGS of military-production complexes, military depots, and test sites in Russia and neighboring countries on the biotic components of EGS, including technomicrocoenosis, technophytocoenosis, and technozoocenosis. It has been shown that changes in the abiotic part of the EGS of defense-industrial complexes lead to a decrease in the number of microorganisms and the suppression of vital processes in plants when soils and grounds are contaminated with rocket fuel, to hearing loss in fighter-bomber pilots when man-made acoustic anomalies occur, to the death of people and all living things when man-made temperature anomalies occur and subsequent fires during explosions under takeoff of launch vehicles.

The features of the transformation of coal-mining regions under the influence of the centuries-old process of mining, the formation of technogenic ecological and geological systems (EGS), massifs of bulk soils, and their cross-border impact on residential areas are systematized. Based on the analysis of the state of the resource potential of technogenic EGS and the data obtained and published, it is concluded that in order to achieve national goals in the field of creating comfortable living conditions for the population near historical coal-mining territories, it is important to implement domestic nature-like technologies for reclamation based on a comprehensive approach in the field of theory and practice of forming technophytocenoses, the doctrine of the ecological functions of the lithosphere, and the methodology of ecological and resource mapping, which allow for the synchronization of environmental and socio-economic tasks.

A comprehensive study was conducted on the chemical composition of 12 spring waters from the Shchyolkovo Urban District (Moscow Region). Hydrochemical parameters (СOD, pH, electrical conductivity) and concentrations of major ions (Ca²+, Mg²+, Na+, K+, NH4+, HCO3–, Cl–, SO42–, NO3–) were determined. The waters are characterized by low mineralization (0.1–0.7 g/L) and total hardness up to 8 mg-equiv./L, with calcium and bicarbonate ions predominating. The СOD values for several springs ranged from 16 to 40 mg O2/L. The chemical composition of spring waters is influenced by the infiltration of atmospheric precipitation through layers of recent sediments subjected to anthropogenic impact. Integral indexes (WQI, %Na, MH, PI, PS) were used to assess their suitability for drinking and irrigation. The studied sources mostly correspond to water of excellent and good quality; however, four springs exhibited unsatisfactory or acceptable quality based on certain parameters.

The article addresses a topic that is currently both highly relevant and rapidly developing worldwide: the exploration and prospecting of geothermal fields. It presents a comprehensive overview of current geothermal energy trends, illustrating the total energy generated by geothermal heat, the areas of practical application, and global geothermal energy investment. It also provides a brief overview of the development of geothermal fields in Russia, including the key regions with high geothermal potential, taking into account their geological structure. Using the Mutnovsky Block in Kamchatka as an example, the region currently boasting the largest geothermal power generation capacity, it analyzes the specifics of exploration planning. It also examines geological risks and demonstrates the specifics of constructing geological models of geothermal fields, which can minimize these risks and, thus, develop the most effective exploration strategy for Kamchatka. It is shown that the key feature in the analysis of geothermal fields is an interdisciplinary approach that simultaneously takes into account the geological, geophysical, hydrogeological and tectonic features of these objects.

Technogenic formations resulting from the extraction and processing of solid mineral resources are not merely waste, but constitute a new class of dynamic geological bodies. This paper substantiates the necessity of applying a comprehensive lithological approach to them, analogous to the study of natural formations, for forecasting their evolution and assessing the potential for secondary use. Using specific examples, the concept of exogenic- technogenic metallogenic provinces (e.g., Kola, Ural, Kursk) is proposed, reflecting the spatial localization and specialization of anthropogenic accumulations of mineral raw materials. The research results demonstrate that anthropogenic deposits are active components of the geological environment, and their study necessitates the development of a new scientific field — anthropogenic lithogenesis.