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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">geolmsu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ВЕСТНИК МОСКОВСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА. СЕРИЯ 4. ГЕОЛОГИЯ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow University Bulletin. Series 4. Geology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0579-9406</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательский Дом МГУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55959/MSU0579-9406-4-2025-64-2-3-18</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">geolmsu-790</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОДЕРЖАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CONTENTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Естественные ограничения на использование редких элементов в технологиях фотовольтаики</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Natural constraints on use of rare elements in photovoltaic technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дергачев</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dergachev</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Лукич Дергачев</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksander L. Dergachev</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alderg51@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шемякина</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shemyakina</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елизавета Михайловна Шемякина</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta M. Shemyakina</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shemyakina_em@pfur.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дьяконов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dyakonov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктор Васильевич Дьяконов</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor V. Dyakonov</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mdf.rudn@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>RUDN University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский государственный геологоразведочный университет имени Серго Орджоникидзе</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sergo Ordzhonikidzе Russian State Geological Prospecting University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>64</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>3</fpage><lpage>18</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дергачев А.Л., Шемякина Е.М., Дьяконов В.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дергачев А.Л., Шемякина Е.М., Дьяконов В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dergachev A.L., Shemyakina E.M., Dyakonov V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.geol.msu.ru/jour/article/view/790">https://vestnik.geol.msu.ru/jour/article/view/790</self-uri><abstract><p>За последние годы в связи с дискуссиями об изменении климата и более чистых энергетических технологиях появились несколько сценариев электрогенерации в будущем. Все они предусматривают важную роль технологий фотовольтаики. Однако эти технологии являются более материалоемкими, чем традиционные методы электрогенерации. Беспокойство вызывает наличие достаточного количества редких элементов: In, Te, Se, Cd, Ge, Ga, которые критически необходимы для широкомасштабного внедрения новых технологий. Эти элементы извлекаются, в основном, попутно из руд меди, цинка и бокситов. В настоящей работе исследуются возможные естественные ограничения на их использование, вызванные влиянием растущего спроса на попутно извлекаемые редкие элементы на рынок главных металлов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In response to the ongoing debate on climate change and cleaner power technologies several scenarios for the future electricity generation have been recently proposed. All of them include a substantial share of photovoltaic solar technologies. However these technologies are more material intensive than traditional methods of power generation. There is a growing concern about availability of critical metals including In, Te, Se, Cd, Ge, Ga required for the large scale implementation of new technologies. These elements are companion metals recovered mainly from copper and zinc ores and bauxite. In this paper possible natural constraints on use of rare elements resulted from impact of increasing demand for companion metals on the supply of host metals are examined.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>возобновляемые источники энергии</kwd><kwd>технологии фотовольтаики</kwd><kwd>критическое минеральное сырье</kwd><kwd>попутные металлы</kwd><kwd>главные металлы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>renewable energy sources</kwd><kwd>photovoltaic technologies</kwd><kwd>critical mineral materials</kwd><kwd>companion metals</kwd><kwd>host metals</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дергачев А.Л., Шемякина Е.М. Запасы критического минерального сырья и дополнительные потребности в нем в эпоху энергетического перехода // Вестн. Моск. ун-та. Сер. 4. Геология. 2024. № 2. 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