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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">geolmsu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ВЕСТНИК МОСКОВСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА. СЕРИЯ 4. ГЕОЛОГИЯ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow University Bulletin. Series 4. Geology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0579-9406</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательский Дом МГУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33623/0579-9406-2022-6-110-123</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">geolmsu-548</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Микро- и нанопластик в природных водах России и проблемы его определения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Micro- and Nanoplastics pollution in the aquatic environments in Russia and detection problems</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казак</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazak</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Екатерина Сергеевна Казак </p><p> Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Ekaterina S. Kazak </p><p> Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Kanigu@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филимонова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filimonova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Елена Александровна Филимонова </p><p> Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Elena A. Filimonova </p><p> Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">EA.Filimonova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Преображенская</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Preobrazhenskaya</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Александра Евгеньевна Преображенская </p><p> Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Alexandra E. Preobrazhenskaya </p><p> Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Shur_gmur@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>110</fpage><lpage>123</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Казак Е.С., Филимонова Е.А., Преображенская А.Е., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Казак Е.С., Филимонова Е.А., Преображенская А.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kazak E.S., Filimonova E.A., Preobrazhenskaya A.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.geol.msu.ru/jour/article/view/548">https://vestnik.geol.msu.ru/jour/article/view/548</self-uri><abstract><p>В последнее время появляется много работ, посвященных загрязнению пластиком природной среды. Активное внимание уделяется частицам микропластика (МП) размером &lt;5 мм и нанопластику (НП) размером &lt;100 нм. Частицы МП и НП находят практически повсеместно: в водах и донных отложениях Мирового океана, речных, озерных и подземных водах, пляжевых отложениях и даже в снегах и льдах Арктики и Антарктики, в продуктах питания, бутилированной воде, в живых организмах всех этапов пищевой цепи. Загрязнение пластиком природной среды уже стало такой же глобальной проблемой, как и изменение климата. Представлены результаты анализа и обобщения актуальной опубликованной литературы, посвященной проблемам загрязнения МП и НП природных вод преимущественно на территории Российской Федерации. Впервые построена схематическая карта распространения МП в поверхностных водах России. Представлена сводная таблица о концентрации МП в поверхностных, подземных, бутилированных минеральных и водопроводных водах, донных осадках рек, морей и океанов мира. Наглядно показано, что существует дефицит исследований загрязнения МП и НП в подземных водах, хотя содержание полимеров в них также достаточно велико.Затронута проблема измерения содержания МП и НП и определения их состава, освещены особенности, достоинства, недостатки и ограничения всех основных методов детектирования. Представлены обобщенные схемы отбора и подготовки проб воды и грунта для последующего определения МП. Сделан обоснованный вывод, что на данный момент не существует оптимального метода, только комплексирование методов позволяет наилучшим образом идентифицировать загрязнение МП и НП.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Recently, there are more and more investigations devoted to plastic pollution of the natural environment. In this case an active attention is paid to microplastic particles (MPs) less than 5 mm size and nanoplastic particles (NPs) less than 100 nm in size. MP and NP particles are found practically everywhere: in waters and bottom sediments of the World Ocean, river, lake and groundwater, beach sediments and even in snow and ice of the Arctic and Antarctic, in foodstuff, bottled water, in living organisms at all stages of the food chain. Plastic pollution of the natural environment has already become as global as climate change. This article presents the results of the analysis and summary of the current published literature devoted to the problems of MP and NP pollution of natural waters, mainly on the territory of the Russian Federation. For the first time, a schematic map of MP distribution in surface waters of Russia is constructed. A summary table on MP concentrations in surface water, groundwater, bottled mineral and tap water, bottom sediments of rivers, seas and oceans of the world is presented. It is clearly shown that there is a shortage of studies of MP and NP contamination in groundwater, although their content is also quite high.In addition, the paper touches upon the problem of measuring the MP and NP content and determining its composition, highlights the features, advantages, disadvantages and limitations of all the main detection methods. The summarized schemes of water and soil sampling and preparation for the following MP determination are presented. A reasonable conclusion is made that at the present moment there is no one optimum method, and only a combination of methods allows to identify MP and NP contamination in the best way.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микропластик</kwd><kwd>нанопластик</kwd><kwd>загрязнение подземных вод</kwd><kwd>распространение микропластика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>microplastics</kwd><kwd>nanoplastics</kwd><kwd>groundwater pollution</kwd><kwd>spread of microplastics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Блиновская Я.Ю., Якименко А.Л. Анализ загрязнения акватории залива Петра Великого (Японского моря) микропластиком // Успехи современного естествознания. 2018. № 1. С. 68–73.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Блиновская Я.Ю., Якименко А.Л. 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